“Pain is an intensely personal experience, and even if no physical explanation for it can be found, all pain is real.”
Dr. David Bresler
Pain accompanies almost all diseases and is one of the most common symptoms for which patients seek relief. Chronic pain has become the United States’ most common health disorder, affecting nearly one out of three Americans, and costing over $600 billion a year in medical bills and lost wages.[1] Doctors often define chronic pain as any pain that lasts for 3-6 months or more.
Acute pain refers to any pain from an immediate trauma or illness. When the trauma or condition heals, the pain most often goes away. Chronic pain refers to any continual pain which lingers long after an injury or illness should have healed. Sometimes chronic pain can begin without any obvious cause. But for many people, it starts after an injury or because of a health condition such as arthritis, surgery, trauma or nerve damage, to name a few.
Many people who suffer from chronic pain feel helpless. Therefore it stands to reason that when a person suffering pain understands the causes, nature, mechanisms, and role of that pain, a vital step has been made in successful handling of the problem.
Conventional Treatments
The treatments for chronic pain are as diverse as the causes. No single technique is guaranteed to give complete pain relief. Frequently relief is obtained using a combination of methods. Most primary care doctors can help you manage your pain issues. The most common conventional approaches are drug therapy: non-prescription and prescription. Examples of non-prescription are Ibuprofen, tylenol, naproxen and topical pain relieving creams. If these do not provide relief, your doctor may prescribe muscle relaxants, anti-anxiety drugs, prescription NSAIDs, or a short course of stronger painkillers such as percocet, codeine or fentanyl.
Other medical options include trigger point injections, surgical implants, TENS therapy, physical therapy and in some cases, psychological counseling. If you continue to experience symptoms of distressing pain, your primary care provider may refer you to a pain clinic.
Natural Treatments
In addition to conventional treatments, there are a variety of complementary and alternative approaches that can provide relief. It may take medicine with other treatments to feel better. Doctors and pain therapists recognize the complexities of chronic pain, with its physical and psychological components and are now employing a wide variety of treatment methods tailored specifically to the individual. Listed below are some natural approaches that have been used with success alone and also in conjunction with medical therapies.
Diet and Nutrition
James Braly, M.D., Medical Director of Immuno Labs, Inc. in Florida, points out that inflammation, one of the principle mechanisms related to chronic pain, is often caused by an allergic reaction. He states if chronic pain symptoms seem to have no other discernible cause, testing for food allergies is advisable. [2] If you suspect this, Everlywell is a company that offers testing without a doctor’s prescription. Improvement in symptoms should manifest after offending food(s) are eliminated. You may need to do this in addition to other therapies.
Supplements
Glucosamine is one of the most well known supplements for joint pain. It relieves pain by healing and/or regenerating new connective tissues that have been weakened or destroyed with inflammation. Typical dosage is 1500 mg daily which you can take all at once or in smaller, multiple doses throughout the day. [3] Glucosamine has also been studied with varying rates of success for the discomforts of interstitial cystitis, IBD, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma and TMJ. [4] You will often find Glucosamine products in combination with Chondroitin. Glucosamine is usually extracted from crab, lobster and shrimp shells. Chondroitin is usually extracted from animal tracheas and shark cartilage. Both have been found to be beneficial for pain relief and function improvement. Together they provide a one-two punch in COMBINATION for pain relief. They have comparable efficacy over the prescription drug Celebrex. [4a]
Omega 3 fish oil and Evening Primrose Oil (GLA) are fatty acids that help with inflammation and therefore, pain issues. Studies have shown significant improvement in pain and inflammation, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis. [5] Evening Primrose has also been helpful with diabetic neuropathy pain, according to the PDR (Physician’s Desk Reference) for Nutritional Supplements, 2nd Ed. Take according to recommendations on bottle. ALA, alpha-lipoic Acid, has also been shown to be effective in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. 600 mg daily, has shown convincing evidence for decreasing the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy.[6] ALA can be taken up to 1800mg daily.
D-Phenylalanine is an amino acid proven to be beneficial with chronic, intractable pain. It decreases pain by blocking the enzymes that break down natural pain killers (endorphins). This amino acid appears to potentiate the analgesic effects of aspirin and acupuncture. [7] It can diminish pain within 24 hours. Studies have shown relief within 10 minutes after the ingestion of as little as 500 mg. Usual dose for chronic pain is 500mg-2000mg, 2-4 times a day. [8] With total doses no more than 5000mg daily.
Bromelain – a proteolytic (protein digesting) enzyme, breaking down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. Research has shown bromelain to be effective with low back pain, bruises, sprains and strains. It decreases inflammation and edema resulting from surgery or injuries. It has shown in clinical trials to decrease symptoms of thrombophlebitis. Research has also shown good results in decreasing symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and sinusitis.[8a]
Herbal Therapies
White Willow – Often called “nature’s aspirin”, the bark of the white willow tree is the original source of salicin. Salicin is metabolized in the body to create salicylic acid, a precursor to aspirin. The herbal extract has long been used in native and folk medicine to relieve pain, inflammation, and fever. In the late 1800s, chemists discovered a way to make a synthetic version of salicylic acid, called acetylsalicylic acid, which we today know as aspirin. White willow should provide relief to many people whose pain is typically relieved with NSAID’s (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) such as aspirin, Motrin (ibuprofen), and Aleve (naproxen). [9] Typical dosing is one 500 mg capsule (standardized 25% salicin) one to two times daily. For any precautions, read product label.
Kava Kava – the analgesic effect is due to inhibition of COX II enzyme. [10a] It is a natural pain reliever and anti-inflammatory, less dangerous than opiods. It also has muscle-relaxing, anticonvulsive and antispasmodic effects. It is the NFL’s “newest and safest” painkiller according to Matthew Masifilo, a retired football player from Stanford. You can read more about that HERE. A maximum daily dose of kavalactones 250mg is suggested [10] for short periods only, to avoid potential liver issues. Most product labels will state the amount of kavalactones with recommended dosing instructions.
Turmeric – Also a COX II inhibitor, this was found to be as effective as cortisone in instances of acute inflammation and about as half as effective as cortisone for chronic inflammation. [11] It is not analgesic, per se, but anti-inflammatory, which decreases pain as it decreases inflammation. It has been cited as mild and effective for post-op inflammation, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Turmeric is best absorbed if taken with a small amount of pepper which is why I like this brand. The average dose is 1.5gm to 3 gm daily, in split doses. Frequently combined with Boswellia, see next recommendation.
Boswellia – the main component of the resin of this plant are boswellic acids, which have been found to inhibit the synthesis of leukotrienes (inflammatory compounds). It decreases swelling and pain in joints. It is an effective pain killer and anti-inflammatory and may prevent the loss of cartilage. The Arthritis Foundation suggests 300mg to 400 mg 3 times per day, with a product that contains 60% boswellic acids. Boswellia combined with Turmeric has been shown to be even better at pain relieving than either of these supplements alone.[12] Zyflamend is another great anti-inflammatory combo recommended by many chiropractors.
Capsaicin Cream – cayenne pepper in a salve applied topically, gives temporary relief for minor aches and pains, arthritis, sprains and bruises. It increases circulation as it relieves pain. Do not use on open wounds. Wash hands thoroughly after application. The potency of OTC creams varies widely. Follow label instructions.
Essential Oils
Essential oils are highly fragrant substances found within the petals, stems, roots, and other parts of plants. They’re typically removed from the plant through steam distillation.
The oils resulting from this centuries-old technique may improve physical, emotional, and mental wellbeing. Each type of oil has its own unique scent and benefits. These oils can be used individually or as blends. Many are beneficial in topical application for pain relief. Mix with a carrier oil such as almond oil to apply to affected area. There are a few mild oils that most people can apply directly (“neat”) without a carrier oil such as Lavender, Frankincense, Eucalyptus and Chamomile. Those that are fair skinned and/or red heads may be sensitive no matter what. Apply a patch test to check for sensitivity. Studies have shown them to be useful for the relief of pain due to menstruation, labor, neuropathy, neck pain and more. [13]
These are the ten best essential oils for pain and discomfort: peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, rosemary oil, Roman chamomile oil, ginger oil, lavender oil, frankincense oil,clary sage oil, clove oil, lemongrass oil. Each one has specific qualities.
Peppermint – Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, anesthetic. Menthol, an active compound in peppermint essential oil, is a well-known pain reliever and anesthetic agent. Peppermint oil is used to treat headaches, menstrual cramps, and even digestive pain and discomfort. Contraindications: children under 6 years old, high blood pressure, pregnant and breast-feeding women.
Eucalyptus – Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic. Eucalyptus essential oil is rich in 1.8 cineole, an active compound known to help relieve pain and fight joint inflammation. A 2013 randomized clinical trial on knee replacement surgery patients described that inhaling eucalyptus every 30 minutes resulted in perceived pain reduction and decreased blood pressure markers. [14] Contraindications: Those with high blood pressure, epilepsy, pregnant and breastfeeding women, children under 6 years old.
Rosemary – Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic. A 2015 animal study found that rosemary essential oil may be a good adjunct to other analgesic drugs. May be more effective than tylenol. [15] Contraindications: Pregnant women, epilepsy, high blood pressure.
Roman Chamomile – Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic. Chamomile essential oil can relieve pain from menstrual cramps and it fights inflammation. A review published on Molecular Medicine Reports found chamomile to be a medicinal herb capable of treating rheumatic pain, ulcers and inflammatory pain. [16] It also helps increase inner calm and promotes restful sleep, which can sometimes be difficult if you’re experiencing pain. Contraindications: None known
Ginger Oil – Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic. Ginger oil is well-known for fighting inflammation-induced pain. The NIH studies state that it is safe and promising for its pain lowering effect. [17] It is useful for muscle and arthritis pain. Contraindications: Might cause skin irritation if directly applied to the skin, use a carrier oil, and perform a patch test.
Lavender Oil -analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic. A universal oil with many different uses. The French scientist Rene Gattefosse was the first to discover lavender’s ability to promote tissue regeneration and speed wound healing when he severely burned his arm in a lab accident. Lavender is useful for unbroken skin burns (cell renewal), sunburns, bruises and rheumatism. Massage with lavender has been proven useful for osteoarthritis. [18] It is also very calming and relaxing. Proven useful as well for migraines [19] and reduces anxiety and decreases pain in children having dental procedures. [20] Contraindications: Spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia) should be avoided during pregnancy.
Frankincense – Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic. Potent as a single oil and also as a combination with Myrrh, it relieves pain. [21] Frankincense resin is extracted out of trees that belong to the genus Boswellia, and that is why you see “Boswellia” on the ingredient list of dietary supplements, essential oils and other commercial products. Boswellia-derived formulas are extraordinarily popular today. Because it acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent, it is a powerful painkiller for many physical conditions. Boswellia is beneficial for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as knee pain, back pain and more. Contraindications: none known.
Clary Sage – Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic. Clary sage is rich in linalool and linalyl acetate which are well-known analgesics. Frequently known as a woman’s herb. Clinical studies have shown it to be effective for menstrual cramps. [22] Some research suggests clary sage applied to the bottoms of the feet may reduce hot flashes because of the constituent called sclareol, which mimics the effects of estrogen in the body. [23] Contraindications: May cause headaches. Don’t use if pregnant or breastfeeding. Don’t use it while consuming alcohol.
Clove oil – Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, anesthetic. Clove oil is known for its strong pain-relieving effects and when applied topically it can also serve as a local anesthetic. [24] It may replace benzocaine as a topical agent for pain relieving effects. This is really useful if you’re experiencing a particularly painful sore, rash, cut, or scrape. Contraindications: Not intended for long-term use. Don’t use it directly on the skin without a carrier oil. For tooth pain, put clove oil on a Q-tip and dab around painful area. Rinse mouth well. Avoid if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. If you have sensitive skin perform a patch test before using.
Lemongrass – Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic. Lemongrass is considered both a potent anti-inflammatory and an anti-fungal. It can be used to ease joint and muscle pain. Applied to insect bites can relieve swelling and itching. [25] Contraindications: Don’t use if pregnant.
One recent controversial application of essential oils is taking certain ones internally. My husband and I have done this on occasion with great results. Taking these in a capsule, preferably after a meal, gave about 4-5 hours of pain relief. This is the formula we used:
I am adding a disclaimer here. We have used this oral administration with success. We used the Marjoram and not the Oregano, which can be irritating to the stomach with some people. It is not a common practice in the U.S., although in France it is more common, but typically under the instruction of trained physicians and pharmacists. Proceed at your own risk with research and critical thinking. I do not promote any particular brand, but make sure you purchase any essential oils from a pure, high quality company.
Homeopathy
Homeopathy is a system of medicine that is fundamentally different from conventional medicine. Allopathic medicine tends to focus on pharmaceuticals, homeopathy seeks to stimulate the body’s own healing mechanisms to correct the underlying imbalance that caused the symptoms in the first place. Click here for an overview to learn more. I will highlight 2 of the most popular pain remedies, Arnica and Hypericum. Although homeopathic remedies are given according to very specific patient profile and symptoms, these 2 are generally used with success with all people. General dose is 30C. There are other strengths/potentizations available. Follow dosing instructions on package.
Hypericum – 30C – is known as a remedy for unbearable, shooting or jabbing pain especially when neural damage is involved. Reduction of pain after application of H. perforatum has been observed in many studies. [26] [27] Think Hypericum for pain from incisions, lacerations and penetrating wounds, anything that involves nerve-rich areas. Frequently the pain is described as shooting, electric, sharp, tearing or pulling. This product has no known interactions with other supplements or medications according to Boiron homeopathic distributors.[28]
Arnica – 30C – the classic remedy for trauma and pain. Heals and relieves trauma to soft tissues of the body. Bruises, contusions, sprains, bone injuries. Typically used 3 times daily. May be used with Arnica cream or gel topically for pain and bruising. Great also for post-operative recovery, including tooth pain.
DID YOU KNOW? Hospitals around the world keep Arnica montana 30C, 200C and higher potencies on hand in their emergency rooms and commence treatment with an opening dose of it. It calms the patient naturally and with dignity.
There was an interesting study by our NIH (National Institute of Health), effectively using homeopathic Arnica in conjunction with conventional medicine in a trauma situation.[29] Another successful incident was studied in Austria and Israel.[30] Unfortunately there are obstacles today with using homeopathy in hospitals. They include suspicion and lack of cooperation by patients and conventional colleagues. Another obstacle is the highly suppressive nature of concomitant conventional therapies.
There are physicians who, with the aid of the internet and minimal understanding of homeopathy, think that when they look up the word Arnica montana without the potentization numbers following the name, the gross form of the plant is the same as the potentized. It is not. The flower in its original form can indeed cause bleeding, so without any knowledge of what happens in a homeopathic pharmacy, it is understandable that they assume it must mean that it will cause thinning of the blood or hemorrhaging. They caution the patient to never use Arnica 200 before or after surgery. This is unfortunate, as the patient could reasonably avoid excessive narcotics with the use of Arnica. This may sound like a bold statement, however I know many who have experienced this, including myself.
As I have stated in other blog posts, medical doctors are highly trained in their field and are a wealth of information, I most certainly respect that. However, most have not thoroughly studied complementary/alternative therapies. Fortunately many are becoming interested in homeopathy and other complementary, gentle modalities and are learning new treatments for the benefit of themselves and their patients. You do not have to be in the healthcare field to learn more about this safe, amazing way of healing. See my recommendation below for books and classes by Joette Calabrese.
Homeopathy is a complex science. To learn more, I would recommend looking at Dr. Prasanta Banjeri Homeopathic Research Foundation, and books or classes by Joette Calabrese.
There is so much more on the topic of pain relief. I encourage you to also explore: CBD, acupuncture, chiropractic, guided imagery, reflexology, biofeedback, hydrotherapy, massage, physical therapy, relaxation training, energy medicine (TENS), magnetic field therapy.
Sources
PDR for Herbal Medicines, 4th edition, Kava Kava, Robert Cullen, Chief Medical Officer, Thomson Healthcare Inc. 2007
https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/pain-management-treatment-overview
https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/pain-you-can-get-help
https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chronic-pain-in-depth
A Materia Medica, Practical Homeopathy for Busy Families, Joette Calabrese, HMC, CCH, RSHom(Na), 2017
Lokken P, Straumshem PA, Tveiten D et al. Effect of homeopathy on pain and other events after acute trauma: placebo controlled trial with bilateral oral surgery. BMJ; 310(6992): 1439-1442, 1995
Essential Oils Desk Reference, 2nd ed., Essential Science Publishing 2002
Barnes J, Andersen LA, Phillipson Jd. Herbal Medicines. A Guide for Health Care Professionals, 2nd ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press. 2002
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4640492/
https://www.restorativemedicine.org/library/monographs/kava/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7532951/
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